枣树龟蜡蚧防治技术

通过对四种药剂进行试验,结果表明:在龟蜡蚧防治适期,选择30%溶蜡克虫神乳油1 000倍液、25%的蚧虱净乳油2 000倍液、20%的速扑蚧杀乳油1 000倍液均可起到很好控防作用,防效都高达98%以上,由于蚧虱净为高效低毒农药,建议在无公害果品生产中推广应用.     

Development of insect‐resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C*‐free endosperm

BACKGROUND: Yellow stem borer (Tryporyza incertulas Walker), striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. In this study, novel insect‐resistant transgenic rice was developed in which Bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. The resistant gene, cry1C*, driven by the rice rbcS promoter (small subunit of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), was introduced into Zhonghua 11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. RESULTS: A total of 83 independent transformants were obtained, 19 of which were characterised as single‐copy foreign gene insertion. After preliminary screening of the T₁ families of these 19 transformants in the field, six highly insect‐resistant homozygous lines were selected. These six homozygous transgenic lines were field tested for resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, and for their agronomic performance. The Cry1C* protein levels in leaves and endosperm were measured by ELISA. Subsequently, the elite transgenic line RJ5 was selected; this line not only possessed high resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, normal agronomic performance, but also Cry1C* expression was only 2.6 ng g^?1 in the endosperm. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that RJ5 has the potential for widespread utility in rice production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

高CO2浓度对稻田CO2排放影响的初步分析

大气CO2浓度升高显著增加作物生物量,从而使进入土壤的有机碳增加,这势必会影响土壤碳的稳定和积累。此项研究主要通过高CO2浓度对作物生物量的直接影响,利用δ13C技术间接地初步分析土壤呼吸CO2排放不同来源贡献的差异。研究表明,在水稻生长季,高CO2浓度降低田间CO2的排放,但不显著;种有水稻,根系对土壤总的呼吸影响主要体现在成熟期之前,且有相互消长的现象。在种有水稻的情况下抽穗期之前分解新有机质为主;高CO2浓度促进土壤原有有机质的分解,在水稻生长的中后期分解更为明显,且高N水平对老有机质的分解有促进作用。鉴于此项研究中的不足之处,将会不断得到完善。     

大风对高速列车安全性的影响研究

为研究不同阵风对高速列车运行安全的影响,对高速列车侧向施加Chinese hat自然风、阶跃阵风和13.8m/s的横风,SIMPACK仿真用于评估不同阵风条件下列车安全运行指标的变化。结果表明,大风影响列车的安全运行。列车在无风屏障的线路上行驶时,和阶跃阵风相比,在自然风环境中列车的脱轨系数增大26%,轮轴横向力增大64%,轮重减载率增大24%,轮轨垂向力增大14%;比横风环境下分别增大83%,39%,78%,31%。风屏障对横风有阻挡作用,能提高列车运行安全性。     

Putative Phosphatase UvPsr1 Is Required for Mycelial Growth,Conidiation, Stress Response and Pathogenicity in Ustilaginonidea virens

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut, which can be a highly destructive disease of rice. The plasma membrane phosphatase Psr1 proteins, which act as a regulator of the salinity stress response in yeast, are widely distributed across fungi, but their functional characterization is sketchy. In this study, we characterized the functions of Psr1 protein, UvPsr1, in U. virens. Analyses of the ΔUvpsr1 and its complementation strain showed that UvPsr1 is required for normal mycelial growth, conidiation and tolerance to oxidative, osmotic and cell wall stresses. When rice panicles were inoculated with the ΔUvpsr1 strains, no symptoms of false smut disease developed, showing that UvPSR1 also contributes to the pathogenicity of the fungus. The deletion mutant of UvPSR1 also appeared to produce a smaller titer of toxic compounds able to inhibit elongation of the germinated seeds. In conclusion, our results indicated that UvPsr1 is a new pathogenic factor of U. virens.     

非洲猪瘟疫苗和病原学诊断技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟疫情给我国养猪业造成了巨大经济损失，因而开发安全高效的疫苗和建立快速可靠的病原学诊断方法对该病防控具有重要意义。本文综述了当前国内外非洲猪瘟（African swine fever，ASF）疫苗和病原学诊断技术的研究进展，以期为今后ASF疫苗研制和诊断技术选择提供参考。疫苗研究方面，目前仍无安全有效疫苗上市。灭活疫苗不能提供有效的免疫保护力，已不作为今后研究的重点方向；减毒活疫苗存在生物安全隐患，疫苗接种后的安全性、有效性等有待进一步评估；基因工程疫苗与前两种疫苗相比，成本低且安全性高，但对强毒株攻击的有效保护作用不强。目前认为利用天然分离或敲除非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus，ASFV）毒力基因的致弱毒株开发重组减毒活疫苗具有较好的利用前景，但其安全性和有效性仍有待进一步研究。目前在没有有效疫苗免疫的前提下，建立快速、可靠的早期病原诊断方法对于ASF疫情确认和控制同样至关重要。近年来，ddPCR、LAMP、RPA、CRISPR/Cas等新兴诊断技术相继涌现。这些方法具有操作更简单、检测速度更快、特异性更强等方面的优势，但其检测能力与适用场景尚存在一定不足，还需要进一步完善。未来ASFV病原学检测的研究方向应建立在成本低廉、简单便捷、高效准确、集成化的基础上，或可将多种诊断方法联合应用，各取所长。     

多杀霉素与茚虫威混配对草地贪夜蛾的增效作用

草地贪夜蛾是一种为害玉米?高粱和小麦等多种作物的世界性重要害虫?于2019年1月从云南入侵我国并迅速扩散到大多数省份?当前我国防控草地贪夜蛾的主要手段是喷施化学杀虫剂?为筛选具有增效作用的杀虫剂混剂, 延缓草地贪夜蛾抗药性发展, 本文研究了多杀霉素与茚虫威两种不同作用机制的杀虫剂混配对草地贪夜蛾的增效作用?采用饲料混毒法测得多杀霉素与茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾的LD50分别为5.41 μg/g和17.74 μg/g?多杀霉素和茚虫威两种药剂按不同质量比混配对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫均表现为相加或者增效作用, 其中质量比为1∶9时增效作用最显著, 共毒系数为147.3?     

苹果两向异性力学特性和跌落试验研究

压缩和冲击力学特性是与农业物料的损伤密切相关的物理特性。为了确定苹果的力学特性,利用万能试验机对苹果果肉和果皮进行了力学试验,并分析了苹果果肉的压缩特性和果皮的拉伸特性。针对苹果的冲击力学特性,选择冲击材料、冲击材料的水平速度和苹果跌落方向3个因素设计跌落试验。压缩试验表明:苹果果肉径向和轴向的弹性模量分别为(2.81±0.37)、(3.96±0.69)MPa,两向的弹性模量和屈服强度都具有显著性差异,而果皮的横向和纵向在弹性模量上有显著性差异(p<0.05)。跌落试验表明:果实的轴向抗损伤能力强于径向,果实损伤量随着冲击材料的水平速度增大而减小,且冲击材料的表面粗糙度会影响果实损伤量。本研究可为深入理解果实压缩特性和冲击损伤机理提供帮助,并为建立更准确的果实模型提供基础依据。